Lio hapaha

ʻO ka lio Kālā, a ʻo ka lio Kālā paha, he a ʻo ka lāhui lio e hoʻomaka ana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa kūpono loa no nā lāhui pōkole (400 mau mika), no nā hoʻokūkū a me nā hōʻike āpau e pili ana i nā rodeos a ma ke ʻano he lio paniolo. ʻO ia ka lāhui Equine me nā holoholona i hoʻopaʻa inoa nui ʻia ma ka honua, ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 miliona, hana kēia i kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nona ʻo ia ka lio o kēlā poʻe paniolo a me nā mahiʻai e noho ana a make e kau ana ma luna o kā lākou mau lio. ʻIke hou paha mākou iā ia?

Pehea?

ʻIwi iwi ikaika, puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu ikaika a kahi kiʻekiʻe e kū ana ma waena o 142 cm a me 163 cm, he ākea ka umauma o ka lio hapahā a he puʻupuʻu ākea. ʻO kona poʻo liʻiliʻi me kahi kikoʻī pololei, he mau pepeiao pōkole a paʻa loa hoʻi, a me nā maka e ola ana e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻike. Kekahi mea i koe ʻole i nā hiʻohiʻona wale nō, no ka mea ua ʻōlelo ʻia no lākou e aneane hiki iā lākou ke koho i nā manaʻo o kā lākou mea hoʻoholo e hana i nā neʻe wikiwiki i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi. Hana kēia iā ia ka lio kaulike kaulike, ʻAʻole wale no kona mākau holo maikaʻi, akā no ka mea ma ka hoʻohui a kūkini maikaʻi loa ma kahi mamao akua ke kūpaʻa nui i nā hele wāwae lōʻihi inā pono.

ʻO ia pū kekahi holoholona maikaʻi loa e hana me nā holoholona a he a kēlā ke ʻano mālie, pili aloha a maʻalahi hoʻi, makemake ʻo ia e noho me nā poʻe.

ʻO nā lio lio hapahā, hiki iā lākou ke ʻaneʻane i kekahi ʻano o ke kala ʻahu. Hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i kekahi o nā pale kumu: ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, chestnut a me ka chestnut; nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka dilute e like me ka kirima, dun, champagne a me ka momi. Hoʻohui ʻia, i kekahi mau hihia ʻike ʻia ka lauana a me nā kiʻi liart, a i ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī, i kāpae ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa a i kēia lā e ʻae ʻia i kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona i hōʻike ʻia ka lāhui maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka papa pinepine pinepine ka saura a sorrel paha (o ka hue ʻulaʻula) i kona ʻano «sorrel», ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mane o kahi kala e like me nā hulu o ke kino (no kekahi o kēia ʻano e hōʻike i nā mane holoi, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia).

Nā helu i loko o ka hapahā o kahi mile e like me kā lākou hoʻohana

Lio komohana («Stock type»), hoʻohana ʻia no nā hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, ʻoki a hoʻokaʻawale, hoʻopaʻa bipi, hoʻokele hoʻokele, hoʻokele kīkē, ʻo ia ka ʻoki a kaʻawale kahi e kū ai kēia lāhui.

Hōʻike lio («Halter type»), kahi e hoʻonui ai ka musculature hoʻonui, mālama i ka poʻo liʻiliʻi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe ma waena o 154 a me 163 cm a hiki ke kaumaha i 546 kg.

ʻO Racehorse ("Ke ʻano heihei a me nā ʻano hahai holoholona"), He lōʻihi lōʻihi ko lākou a me nā wāwae lōʻihi, akā kahi e kū ai i waho ka hana ʻana i kahi conformation ikaika e hiki ai iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki. Mālama ʻia nā heihei i nā heihei heihei me 11 mamao, i ʻike ʻia e ka American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA), mai ka 220 iwilei a i 870 anana.

ʻO kahi moʻolelo o ʻoe

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kumu o ka Quarter Horse, e inoa ana mākou a wehewehe iki i kekahi o nā ʻike mōʻaukala i hoʻohuli ʻia, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau equine, ka nui o nā ʻano lio o kēia manawa.

Ma kahi o ma waena o nā makahiki 711 a me 726, ua komo ka hoʻouka kaua Muslim i ka Iberian Peninsula. ʻO ia ka manawa, i ka manawa i hōʻea ai ʻelua o nā ʻano equine mana nui loa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā lā hou, i ʻEulopa: ka lio ʻAlapia a me Berber mai ʻApelika ʻĀkau. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko lāua i ka lio Sepania, Pokukala a me Palani.

Mau kenekulia ma hope, I ka makahiki 1519, ua hōʻea ʻo Hernán Cortés i ka Honua Hou me nā lio he 32, a ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea mai ke awāwa ʻo Guadalquivir a i ʻole nā ​​Marshes a me nā lio i iho mai nā ʻĀkau a me nā Berber. ʻO ka moʻolelo e ukali nei i ʻike iki ʻia, hele aku kekahi mau lio, e lilo ana i mau lio maroon e hana hou a pālahalaha nei ma ka ʻāina nui. Ua puka mai nā ʻano like o nā Equine mai kēia mau lio hihiu e like me ka Mustang.

I ka makahiki 1800, ua noho ʻia nā kula o ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e nā pūʻā lio hihiu, ke kumu o nā equine no nā ʻamelike ʻAmelika, que Ua aʻo lākou e hoʻolaʻa iā lākou, lilo i poʻe hoʻoholo lio maikaʻi loa, a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoulu lio. He mau genekiko maikaʻi lākou a hana i nā keʻa like ʻole e kiʻi i nā lio maikaʻi aʻe no ke kaua a me ka hana. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi ka lio pinto, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "The Indian horse."

ʻO nā hanana mōʻaukala ʻē aʻe i hoʻohuli nui i ka Quarter of a Mile ka noho ʻana o ʻEnelani a me Farani o nā panalāʻau ʻākau. Me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, ʻaʻole mākou e kuhikuhi ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka English Thoroughbred me lākou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēlā lāhui e like me ia.

Ma ʻEulopa i ka nui, ʻaʻole wale Ma ʻEnelaniʻAʻole pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lio inā ʻaʻole waiwai ʻoe, no ka mea, pipiʻi loa nā lio. No laila, ʻo ka poʻe i loaʻa kēia mau holoholona i kapa ʻia ʻo "Naita", nāna lākou i hoʻohana i ke kaua. Kākoʻo kēia mau kaulike i ke kaupaona o kā lākou mea hoʻoholo, akā i ka pale kaua hoʻi, no laila he mau lio nunui e like hou me nā lio kauo. A ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, no ka neʻe aku he mau lio liʻiliʻi lākou e like me ka Connemara o ʻIlelani a i ʻole ʻo Galloway o Sekotia. ʻO kēia, ʻoiai kamaliʻi, ʻO lākou muscular, ikaika, ʻoluʻolu no ka holo lio a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano.

ʻO kekahi kumu e noʻonoʻo ai ʻo ka hapanui o ka poʻe noho ʻEnelani he kamaʻāina lākou e ʻimi nei i kahi wā e hiki mai ana maikaʻi a inā he lio kā lākou, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea waiwai.

Eia hou, i kēia mau mea āpau, pono mākou e hoʻohui i ka palena i hiki ʻole i nā lio o ka lāhui ʻEnelani, nā mea maikaʻi, ke haʻalele i ka ʻāina e hānau i ka Honua Hou. ʻO kēia kaohi ʻana i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka maʻemaʻe o ka laha a he mea ia e paʻa mau nei i kēia mau lā i kekahi mau ʻāina, e like me nā lio Icelandic

A kēia mau lio a ka Pelekania i lawe mai ai, Ua like ia iā lākou e like me nā Sepania, ua pakele lākou a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia paha a ua hui pū ʻia me nā pūʻā lio ʻāhiu i hoʻokumu ʻia.

ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe e pono e hāʻawi ʻia i Pelekane ʻo ia Ua lawe lākou i ko lākou aloha i ka heihei lio i ʻAmelika, kahi i makemake nui ʻia ka heihei mamao pōkole.

Ka nele o nā pono hana, hana ʻia nā heihei pōkole mile pōkole (402 mau mika ma kahi o) e lilo i mea makemake nui ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke ana maʻamau o nā alanui o ka hapa nui o nā kaona, a no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka heihei lio he mea pono wale nō ia e ʻae i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke alanui a pau i ka hopena.

Ma kahi o 1730, lawe ʻia nā kolone i ke kālā me nā lio Pelekane Thoroughbred e hoʻokūkū a hoʻoulu me nā wahine ʻAmelika. ʻO kekahi o nā lio kaulana loa ʻo Janus, he moʻopuna a Godolphin ʻAlapia, hānau ʻia ma 1746 a lawe ʻia mai i Virginia e John Randolph ma 1756.

ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo pēlā Ianuali ʻo ia ka lio i hoʻokumu i ka heihei Quarter-Mile, akā ʻo kāna nā keiki i kūpilikiʻi a mana hoʻi, e hoʻohuli nui i kēia laha hou.

ʻO kekahi lio koʻikoʻi nui kekahi ʻO Sir archy, i hānau ʻia ma 1805, nona nā mamo ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāhui Quarter-Mile. ʻO Cooper Bottom, Dust Steel a me Shilo nā keiki kēlā ʻoi aku ko lākou koʻikoʻi i ka wā ʻo lākou nā lio ua hoʻokumu lākou i ka heihei Quarter Mile. I ka makahiki 1844, ua hōʻea ʻo Steel Dust i Texas a hala kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hōʻea ʻo Shilo, mai ka hui ʻana o kahi kaikamahine a ka mua a me kahi keikikāne a ka lua, ʻo ka lio lio Billy kahi e hānau ʻia ai nā lio ʻo Texan Quarter Horses.

ʻO ia ka pololei ma Texas kahi ʻO kēia ʻano lio ʻaʻole he heihei pōkole wale nō, a e lilo i ʻano lio o nā lio bipi kauō. ʻO kēia kahi i hāʻawi ai ka Quarter Mile i kāna kōkua nui i ka honua o ka ʻoihana holoholona, ​​me kona mākaukau nui i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā holoholona.

Ma hope o ke kaua civila, hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā hānai bipi. I ka mua, ʻohiʻohi ʻia ka pipi ma ke kula ākea, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻouka ʻia i nā pā. No ka neʻe ʻana i kēia poʻe holoholona ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina, ua hoʻohana lākou i nā laina kaʻaahi ma ka hema o Texas. ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana o ka Quarter Mile kahi hapa o kahi loli liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻike nā cowboy i ka manaʻo i loaʻa i kēia ʻano equine e hana i ka hana ma nā hanai holoholona, ​​ka huki ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā bipi, me ka hoʻokūkū i nā heihei e like me ka hana ma mua.

I kēia ʻano huikau o nā equines, ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i hoʻokahi hou e hoʻopau kēia lāhui hou: ka mustang. ʻO kēia mau lio hihiu nani i hele pū ʻia me nā pua a Janus lāua ʻo Sir Archy, e hoʻopau ana i ka Heihei Kuata.

Ma ka 1940, kahi hui o ka poʻe e pili ana i nā lio ma ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, me nā mea hānai a me nā kahu hānai, hoʻokumu i ka American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) e mālama i ka moʻokūʻauhau o kāna mau Lio Kālā Cowboy.

Lana koʻu manaʻo ua hauʻoli ʻoe i ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia ʻatikala e like me kaʻu kākau ʻana.