Nā kaʻa lio: ka mōʻaukala, nā ʻano a me nā hoʻohana

Kaʻa holo lio ʻO nā kaʻa i hana ʻia i loko o kahi pahu nui i hiki ke loaʻa nā kinona like ʻole a aia ia ma nā huila ʻelua a ʻehā paha. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻa mai ka wā kahiko mai e lawe i nā ukana a i ʻole kanaka.

Kēia ʻano halihali ke emi nei i kāna hoʻohana me ke ʻano o nā kaʻa kaʻa. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia lākou ka hapanui i nā hanana a i nā manawa kūikawā paha, e like me kekahi mau pāʻina a male paha, pinepine ka hoʻohana ʻana no nā hana mākaʻikaʻi a i ʻole, nā mea i ʻoi aku ka waiwai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia hoʻololi ʻia i mau hale hōʻikeʻike.

ʻO kahi moʻolelo o ʻoe

ʻO ke kaʻa lio e like me ia, ʻo ka mea me ka pahu i kau ʻia ma nā kaula a i ʻole kau ʻia ma luna o nā punawai, me nā puka ʻaoʻao ʻelua, me nā puka aniani a me nā noho no ʻelua, ʻehā a ʻoi paha poʻe, ʻIke ʻia ma kahi o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ma mua o kēia manawa aia kekahi ʻano lawe i huki ʻia e nā mea kaulike, ʻike nui ʻia nā hale kaʻa Roma e laʻa me. ʻOiai me ke kanalua ʻole ʻo ka mea i hele mua ka kaʻa, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai ma hope.

Aia nā haʻawina ma ia wahi ma waena o 1546 a me 1554 ka hōʻea ʻana o ke kaʻa lio mua ma ka Iberian Peninsula. Mai ia manawa e lilo ana lākou i mea kaulana.

Ua pālahalaha loa kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana a hiki i kahi i hoʻokau ʻia ai lākou e pāpā ʻia i kekahi mau wahi, ua kapu ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana a i ʻole ua kapu ʻia kekahi o nā kaʻa huki ʻia e kekahi mau lio. Ua veto lākou no kekahi ʻano pilikino kikoʻī; ua hoʻokumu ʻia a pāpā ʻia kekahi ʻano o nā mea i nā mea hoʻonaninani o ke kaʻa ponoʻī, a pēlā aku.

Pau ke hoʻololi nei kēia mau kapu ma mua o ʻelua mau kenekulia, ua kāpae ʻia kekahi i ka manawa like i puka aʻe kahi pāpā ʻokoʻa. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o kēia mau kapu i:

• I ka makahiki 1578, pāpā ʻo Felipe II i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaʻa lio ke ʻole e huki ʻia lākou e nā lio ʻehā na ka mea nona ke kaʻa.
• I 1600 Felipe III, ʻae i kēlā mau kaʻa a me nā kaʻa i huki ʻia e nā lio ʻelua.
• ʻO Carlos II i ka makahiki 1678, pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe, me ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā miula a me nā kāne.
• I ka makahiki 1785, pāpā aku ʻo Carlos III i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā miula a i ʻole nā ​​lio i nā kaʻa o nā rua.

Nā ʻano o nā kaʻa lio

Na kona ʻano a hana paha, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻa lio i:

• Kaʻa alanui, ʻo ia anei i manaʻo ʻia no nā huakaʻi lōʻihi ma muli o kāna hoʻolālā hōʻoluʻolu hou aʻe no ka poʻe huakaʻi.
• Kaʻa collars, huki ʻia e nā miula i kāhiko ʻia e nā kola, no laila ka inoa.
• Kaʻa holo holo, ʻo ia me nā noho ma nā puka.
• Kaʻa makana a i ʻole kaʻa Rūa, hoʻohana ʻia no nā wahi pōkole ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale no ka mea no nā ʻano hana a huakaʻi ʻē aʻe paha, ʻoluʻolu hou kahi ʻano kaʻa ʻē aʻe.
• Kaʻa koʻokoʻo, halihali i ʻelua mau lāʻau i waena o ka lou o ka lio kuhi.
• Kaʻa kukuna, like me ka mea ma mua, akā ma kahi o nā koʻokoʻo he kukuna kona ma lalo.
• Kaʻa nikala, No ka hoʻolimalima akā ʻaʻole me ka hōʻike kaʻa kaʻaahi.

ʻO nā ala e lawe ai i ka lio

ʻO nā wā ʻokoʻa a me nā hana like ʻole i hala i nā ala i lawe ʻia ai nā lio, ua waiho iā mākou me kahi helu nui o nā typology ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano a me ka inoa. E ʻike kākou i kekahi o lākou:

ʻO Carro

Hoʻomaka mākou me ke kaʻa, ka mea ma mua o ke kaʻa lio a, no laila, ʻo kekahi o nā ala i kau ʻia e ka lio. Hana ʻia ia i pahu liʻiliʻi ma nā huila ʻelua a ʻehā paha. ʻO kahi pahu he ʻāpana kahi i lawe ʻia aku ai ka ukana a i ʻole ka poʻe a kau pono ia ma nā huila a i ʻole i kekahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha ʻokoʻa ia kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahi a me ka manawa. I nā ʻāina kahi e hau ai ka hapa nui o nā mahina, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kaʻa ma nā skates, lilo i ʻano sleds.

ʻO ke kaʻa hōʻea i ʻEulopa i ka makahiki ʻehā o ka makahiki BC a ke ulu nei i loko o nā typology like ʻole me nā inoa a me nā hoʻohana like ʻole, ma waena o ia mea ke kaʻa lio. Wahi a nā loina o ia wahi, hiki iā lākou ke huki ʻia e nā lio, nā miula, nā bipi, nā hoki a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka poʻe hoʻi.

I ke kaʻa kaʻa huila ʻelua i uhi ʻia o kekahi mau lole pale a ʻoi aku a emi mai paha a me kahi mea maʻalahi ua kapa ʻia ʻo Carromato.

Lana

He kaa lio nui loa, like me ka saloon akā kāhiko nui ʻia me ka hana. Hāpai ʻo ia i ʻehā mau kukui uila, hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia kihi a pani ʻia nā ʻaoʻao āpau me ke aniani. E hele ana huki ʻia e ʻehā, ʻelima a ʻoi paha mau lio i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke ʻano o ka lane.

I ka hoʻomaka he kaʻa pūʻali ia, akā ua ulu a i ka kenekulia XNUMX, me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua lilo ia a kaʻa hoʻonanea a me ka hōʻailona o ka mana hoʻokele a me ke kūlana kaiaulu. Ua lilo ia i hiʻohiʻona i waena o nā kamāliʻiwahine.

I kēia lā ua hoʻohana ʻia ia e nā ʻohana aliʻi no ka hoʻolauleʻa nui.

Kāleka

Malia paha kekahi o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana nui ʻia, me ke kaʻa, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kaʻa lio a ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana he aha ia, ʻo ia: kaʻa.

He manaʻo iki ko mākou āpau i ke ʻano o ke kaʻa, akā maopopo iā ʻoe ka nā ʻano kaʻa he nui loa aia kēlā? ʻO kekahi: Berlina, Biga, Estate, Brougham, Coupe, Stagecoach, Phaeton, Galera, Jardinera, Mateo, Simón, Victoria, etc. ʻO lākou āpau, e kahiʻehā:

ʻO Sedana

ʻO ke kaʻa nona ka pahu i pani paʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana luna o ka quadrangular, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a puni a i ʻole ke ʻano o kahi moku. He wahi no nā noho ʻehā a he aniani nā puka. No Berlin ka inoa o kēia ʻano kaʻa, no ke kūlanakauhale kahi i hele mai ai nā kaʻa kau lio mua.

Hoʻoikaika

Kaa alanui nona ka pahu ma nā huila ʻehā. Ma ka ʻaoʻao i luna, ua hoʻopaʻa lākou i hale no nā hale o nā mea huakaʻi. Ma hope o ka davit, a ma luna o ka hale o ke kaʻa a ma mua o ke kaʻa hao i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei, ʻo ia ka coupe, kahi noho transverse, hāmama i mua a me kahi ākea no nā kānaka ʻekolu. Hoʻohana nā Stagecoach ma ke ʻano he halihali maʻamau ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale ʻelua ma hope o kahi ala paʻa. ʻO wai ka mea ʻike ʻole i ka ʻaihue stagecoach i kahi kiʻi bipi?

 

ʻO Galley

ʻO ke kaʻa nui i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā huila ʻehā a ma loko e loaʻa ai nā noho no ʻeono a ʻewalu paha mau kānaka. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka uhi o kahi pale pale kūpaʻa e nā apo lāʻau a me nā ʻohe i kū mai nā ʻaoʻao. Hiki i ka mua a me ka hope ke uhi ʻia e nā pale.

Victoria

Kaa haʻahaʻa ma nā huila ʻehā. He puka kona ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma waena o nā huila. ʻO ka uhi me kahi hood retractable a i ʻole ka pale. He wahi no nā noho ʻelua. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pahu i ka hoʻonohonoho mua me nā lako gooseneck a aia pū kekahi kahi noho paʻa e kau ana ma ka fender, kahi no ka mea hoʻokele. I ka ʻāpana o ka pestante hiki ke noho i kahi noho no ka wāwae wāwae.

 

ʻO Quadriga 

En Nā wā o ka Emepaea Roma, ke kaa he kaʻa kauō ʻia e nā lio ʻehā i ka lālani, no laila kona inoa. He ala ia o ka halihali hoʻohana ʻia e nā pūkaua Roma i ko lākou komo ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale i ka lanakila. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ka nui o nā pio o ka lanakila e lei aliʻi ʻia e ka hale kaʻa.

ʻO ka pahu liʻiliʻi ma mua hakahaka no hoʻokahi kanaka akā ʻaʻohe noho, ua paʻa kēia mea i ka mea i kū

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa me nā lio ʻelua ma kahi o ʻehā, kapa ʻia biga, ua hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā manawa o ka poʻe Helene a me ko ʻAigupita.

Landau

Maloko o na kaa lio, ka ʻāina ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hōʻoluʻolu loa. I manaʻo ʻia he waiwai nui, he kaʻa holo ia nona ka pahu e holo i nā huila ʻehā. Hiki iā ia ke wehe a paʻa. I loko, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā noho i ka like.

ʻūhū

ʻO ka sulky a i ʻole ka sulki a kaʻa liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā wahi kaiāulu mai nā kihi o ka honua, lawe i hoʻokahi a i ʻelua mau ohua maʻamau. ʻO ka morphology a me ka hoʻolālā maʻalahi a māmā. 

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pahu ma nā huila nui ʻelua. Hui pū ka lio i ka pahu pōkole a no laila hele ma waena o nā wāwae o ka mea kalaiwa, nona nā wāwae e kākoʻo ʻia e nā paʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā kia e paʻa ai ka holoholona.

Pahele

He kaʻa wili liʻiliʻi nona ka pahu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā huila ʻelua. ʻO ka noho o ka mea hoʻokele kahi papa i hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pahu kahi e kū ai i ka paʻa lima kūpono. I ka kāhiko paʻa lima. Ma ka ʻaoʻao mua ua pani ʻia me kahi papa i ʻelua mau aniani. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, pani ʻia ka hope e ka puka.

Troika

ʻO ia kahi mea na Lawe kuʻuna Lūkini, kahi e huki ai nā lio ʻekolu i kahi kaʻa holo kaʻa.

Hiki iā ia ke kau ma waena o 45 a me 50 km / h, no nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMX he wikiwiki loa. Kēia ʻano ʻē, nona ia mea pili pū me ka huakaʻi hele lōʻihi. 

Lana koʻu manaʻo ua hauʻoli ʻoe i ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia ʻatikala e like me kaʻu kākau ʻana.